Secure Cloud & Infrastructure

GovCloud refers to cloud infrastructure environments specifically designed and accredited for government and defense workloads — such as AWS GovCloud (US) and Azure Government. These environments are physically isolated from commercial cloud regions, staffed by US-citizen personnel (for US programs), and accredited under frameworks like FedRAMP, DoD Impact Levels, and NIST SP 800-53. They provide the same core cloud services (compute, storage, Kubernetes) but within a boundary that satisfies government security and compliance requirements.

AWS GovCloud (US) and Azure Government are both FedRAMP High and DoD IL5-authorized cloud platforms for US government workloads. AWS GovCloud is restricted to US persons and entities; Azure Government has similar restrictions. The primary differentiator for defense workloads is the service catalog — each platform has different managed services at each impact level — and existing enterprise licensing agreements. For European defense clients, both Microsoft Azure Government and equivalent EU sovereign cloud offerings (Azure operated by Trusted Partner) may apply.

Zero-trust is a security model that eliminates implicit trust based on network location — every access request is authenticated, authorized against policy, and logged regardless of whether the request originates inside or outside the perimeter. For defense systems, implementation involves: strong cryptographic identity for all users and devices (PKI, CAC/PIV cards); microsegmentation of network zones; continuous behavioral monitoring; and policy enforcement at the application layer using classification labels (STANAG 4774/4778) rather than relying on network perimeter controls.

DoD Impact Level 5 covers Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) and National Security Systems at the SECRET level — hosted in commercial cloud environments that meet DoD IL5 security requirements. IL6 covers SECRET National Security Systems that require additional isolation — typically hosted in cloud environments with dedicated, physically separated hardware that commercial cloud providers cannot offer without specialized arrangements. Most GovCloud programs operate at IL2-IL5; IL6 requires dedicated secure cloud infrastructure.

FedRAMP (Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program) is the US government's standardized framework for cloud security authorization. Cloud service providers (CSPs) must obtain FedRAMP authorization — at Low, Moderate, or High impact level — before their services can be used by US federal agencies. For defense cloud programs, FedRAMP High or DoD IL authorization is typically required. Non-US defense programs (NATO allies, EU) have equivalent frameworks — NATO Security Accreditation, national certification schemes — rather than FedRAMP.

Sovereign cloud refers to cloud infrastructure that is operated, governed, and physically located within a specific nation's territory and jurisdiction — ensuring that defense data remains subject to national law and is not accessible to foreign governments or cloud provider personnel. EU nations are increasingly requiring sovereign cloud for defense data as an alternative to US-headquartered hyperscaler infrastructure. Examples include Gaia-X compliant clouds, national defense clouds, and Azure operated by local trusted partners.

An air-gapped cloud environment has no direct internet connectivity — it is a private cloud deployment in a physically isolated facility where all data ingress and egress is controlled via one-way data diodes, secure transfer protocols, or manual media procedures. Air-gapped clouds are used for the highest-classification workloads where even encrypted internet connectivity is not permitted. Container orchestration (Kubernetes), software updates, and threat intelligence must all enter via offline transfer processes.

Kubernetes hardening for classified workloads involves: using security-focused Kubernetes distributions (RKE2, k3s with security profiles); running an air-gapped container registry (Harbor, Zot) with image signing and scanning; enforcing Pod Security Standards (restricted profile); applying network policies that default-deny all traffic; disabling unused API server features; using encrypted etcd storage; and continuous compliance scanning against CIS Kubernetes Benchmarks. In classified environments, every cluster component must be sourced from a vetted, offline-available image repository.

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) uses mathematical problems that quantum computers cannot solve efficiently — unlike current RSA and ECC encryption which would be broken by a sufficiently powerful quantum computer. CNSA 2.0 (Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite 2.0), published by the US NSA, specifies the approved PQC algorithms for National Security Systems: ML-KEM (CRYSTALS-Kyber) for key encapsulation and ML-DSA (CRYSTALS-Dilithium) for digital signatures. Defense systems handling data with a long classification lifetime must begin migrating to CNSA 2.0 algorithms now to protect against harvest-now-decrypt-later attacks.

Corvus Intelligence architects and operates sovereign cloud environments on Azure Government and AWS GovCloud — hardened from the ground up for defense and federal clients. Services include: secure-by-design platform engineering; FedRAMP and DoD Impact Level alignment; zero-trust implementation using STANAG 4774/4778 classification labels; air-gapped Kubernetes cluster deployment; classified container registry setup; and infrastructure-as-code pipelines for compliant, reproducible defense cloud environments.